P0442: Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
Typically minimal; primarily illuminates the Check Engine Light and may slightly affect fuel economy.
Overview
P0442 indicates the vehicle’s ECM/PCM has detected a small leak in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission Control) system, often due to a loose or faulty gas cap or small leaks in EVAP hoses or components.
Common Symptoms
- Check Engine Light illuminated
- Possible faint fuel odor
- Minor decrease in fuel efficiency
- Failing an emissions test
Most Common Causes
Gas cap seal failure or not tightened properly is the number one cause across many makes and models.
Aging or heat exposure frequently causes small cracks leading to detectable leaks.
If the purge solenoid doesn’t close properly under test conditions, it can mimic a small leak.
A vent valve that doesn’t seal correctly can prevent the EVAP system from holding pressure.
Cracks or saturation from overfilling fuel can compromise vapor containment.
Diagnostic Steps
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Verify and tighten the fuel cap; inspect cap and O-ring for damage.Expected: Fuel cap tight and seal intact.Interpretation: If code clears after proper sealing or cap replacement, the cap was likely the cause.
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Perform visual inspection of EVAP hoses and connections for cracks, disconnections, or breaks.Expected: Hoses without visible damage or disconnection.Interpretation: Damaged hoses require replacement; intact hoses point to deeper EVAP components.
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Use EVAP smoke test to pressurize the system and identify leak points.Expected: Smoke escaping at fault location.Interpretation: Pinpoints exact leak; small leaks often undetectable without smoke testing.
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Test purge and vent valve operation with a bidirectional scan tool or bench testing.Expected: Valve operates and seals correctly.Interpretation: Faulty valves should be replaced if they do not seal during testing.
Repair Solutions
Often resolves the code; OEM cap recommended for proper sealing.
Cost varies by hose location and vehicle model.
Part cost varies; labor may increase cost if located in hard‑to‑access area.
More expensive repair reserved for confirmed canister damage or saturation.
Common Misdiagnoses
Avoid these common diagnostic mistakes:
- Misinterpreting a loose gas cap as an engine performance issue
- Assuming a large EVAP leak code (P0455) when P0442 shows a small leak
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